Catalogue

Background
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are bioactive lipid molecules involved in numerous biologicals processes. GPR4 shares sequence homology with OGR1 (51%), the highest of all GPCRÕs. GPR4 has been identified as another high affinity receptor for SPC and low affinity receptor for LPC. SPC and LPC stimulate kinase activation and DNA synthesis stimulated, both of which are pertussis toxin-sensitive, suggesting Gi-heterotrimeric G protein involvement. The GPR4 subfamily of GPCRÕs consists of four receptors that share significant sequence homology; OGR1, TDAG8 and G2A. G2A has been shown to be a potent transforming oncogene. GPR4 also malignantly transforms NIH3T3 cells and TDAG8 malignantly transforms the normal mammary epithelial cell line NMuMG. Overexpression of GPR4 or TDGA8 in HEK293 cells leads to transcriptional activation independent of exogenously added ligand. TDAG8 and GPR4 are also overexpressed in a range of human cancer tissues suggestive of a driving role in maintaining tumor formation.

Source

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide derived from the GPR4 protein.

Product

Product Form: Unconjugated

Formulation: Provided as ligand affinity purified antibody in phosphate buffered saline with 0.08% sodium azide

Purification Method: Antigen Immunoaffiinity Purification

Concentration: Lot specitic, see vial label

Applications
Antibody can be used for Western blotting (1:400 dilution). Tissue lysate should be used at 10-50 µg/lane. Other applications not yet tested. Optimal concentration should be evaluated by serial dilutions.

Functional Analysis: Western Blotting

Positive Control: Human brain lysate (Cat. No. X1633C)

Storage
Product should be stored at -20°C. Aliquot to avoid freeze/thaw cycles

Product Stability: See expiration date on vial

Shipping Conditions: Ship at ambient temperature, freeze upon arrival

Caution
This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals. It may contain hazardous ingredients. Please refer to the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for additional information and proper handling procedures. Dispose product remainders according to local regulations.This datasheet is as accurate as reasonably achievable, but our company accepts no liability for any inaccuracies or omissions in this information.

References
1. Sin, W.C., et al. 'G protein-coupled receptors GPR4 and TDAG8 are oncogenic and overexpressed in human cancers.' Oncogene 2004 2. Yun, M.R., et al. 'The action mode of lysophosphatidylcholine in human monocytes.' J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2004, 94, 45-50 3. Bektas, M., et al. 'The G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 suppresses ERK activation in a ligand-independent manner.' Biochemistry 2003, 42, 12181-12191 4. Lum, H., et al. 'Inflammatory stress increases receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine in human microvascular endothelial cells.' Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2003, 285, H1786-H1789 5. Xu, Y. 'Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine: G protein-coupled receptors and receptor-mediated signal transduction.' Biochim Biophys Acta 2002, 1582, 81-88 6. Zhu, K., et al. 'Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine are ligands for the G protein-coupled receptro GPR4.' J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 41325-41335 7. An, S., et al. 'Cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution of two related G protein-coupled receptor candidates expressed prominently in human lung tissue.' FEBS Lett. 1995, 375, 121-124

Protein Reference(s)

Database Name: SwissProt

Accession Number: P46093

Species Accession: Human

Safety Datasheet(s) for this product: